This brief analyzes immediate risks to civilians across the wider Middle East region amid the escalating hostilities between the United States (US), Israel, and Iran and outlines urgent, feasible steps to prevent further civilian harm, displacement, and damage to civilian objects and essential services.
Key civilian harm trends and risks identified include the use of explosive weapons in populated areas, civilian displacement, attacks on or damage to civilian objects and infrastructure, regional escalation and its impacts, information vacuums and mis- and dis-information, and psychological harm.
Parties to the conflict, regional states, and multilateral institutions should take time-bound actions to de-escalate, protect civilians, and respond to civilian harm responsibly and with transparency.
Read the full brief here.
